LONDON (IT BOLTWISE) – A new research report suggests that an unknown volcanic eruption in the 14th century fueled the Black Death in Europe. Agriculture was affected by climatic changes, which made it necessary to import grain and thus plague bacteria from the Black Sea.
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A previously unknown volcanic eruption in the 14th century may have had a significant influence on the spread of the Black Death in Europe. Researchers suspect that the climatic changes caused by the eruption led to a decline in agricultural production. This forced traders to import grain from the Black Sea, which also brought plague bacteria to Europe.
The Black Plague, also known as the Black Death, reached Europe in 1347 and quickly spread across the continent. Within a few years, the pandemic claimed the lives of 30 to 60 percent of the European population. Historians and geographers now examined the climatic changes in the Mediterranean that could explain the sudden appearance of the plague.
Reports from this time describe a period of reduced solar radiation and increased cloudiness, suggesting a major volcanic eruption. These climatic anomalies resulted in cooler summers and wetter autumns, which drastically reduced crop yields. The need to import grain also brought the plague bacteria to Europe via trade routes.
The researchers found evidence of high sulfur concentrations in ice cores, suggesting a tropical volcanic eruption around 1345. This discovery provides new insight into why the plague reached Europe at this time. The combination of short-term climatic and long-term economic factors created the conditions for the disease to spread.
The study highlights the importance of better understanding past pandemics as the likelihood of zoonotic infectious diseases increases in a globalized and warmer world. The findings could help better predict and prevent future outbreaks.
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