PARIS / LONDON (IT BOLTWISE) – A comprehensive study has examined the temperature evolution of the universe over the last 10 billion years. The results show that the universe has become colder on average, suggesting a decreasing rate of star formation. These findings are based on data from the Euclid Space Telescope and the Herschel satellite.
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In a groundbreaking study, astronomers have examined the temperature evolution of the universe over the last 10 billion years. The analysis, based on data from ESA’s Euclid Space Telescope and archival data from the Herschel satellite, shows that the universe has become colder on average. This cooling is an indicator of a declining rate of star formation as hot, young stars heat up interstellar dust.
Dust temperature is a crucial indicator of the rate of star formation in galaxies. A fall in average temperature suggests that fewer massive, young stars are being born. These findings confirm cosmologists’ suspicions that the epoch of maximum star formation was billions of years ago.
Douglas Scott of the University of British Columbia describes this process as a slow, natural change. The primary heating source for interstellar dust has shifted from young, hot stars to an older, cooler stellar population. This keeps the dust at a stable temperature of around 23 Kelvin.
The precise measurements were made possible by the extensive data from the Euclid mission and a method called stacking analysis. The signals from thousands of galaxies are digitally superimposed to create a measurable average signal. This method allows dust temperatures to be measured in a way that is hard to doubt.
The study, led by Ryley Hill, has been submitted for publication in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. It is based on the first Quick Data Release data from the Euclid mission. The full mission will provide even deeper insights into the structure and evolution of the universe.
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