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Reporters Without Borders (RSF) released this Friday its list of 34 “predators” to remember the International Day to End Impunity in Crimes against Journalists, among whom are the Venezuelan president, Nicolas Maduro; the argentinian Javier Milei, Xi Jinping and the Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
It is also Elon Musk, who is accused of using his social network X to harass journalists.
Their names are on the list because in 2025 “They violently attacked journalists and the right to information,” highlights RSF.
All those mentioned have in common “a shared hatred towards freedom of the press. Their weapons differ, but their objectives converge: to silence independent voices and trample on the right to information. Murder, imprisonment, discredit, propaganda, troll armies… all these are means to impose silence,” according to RSF.
Mohammed bin Salman and Putin
Among the 34 heads of State and Government, religious leaders, militias and mafia or criminal organizations that harass journalists, there are also the Russian president, Vladimir Putin; the turkish Recep Tayyip Erdogan; the belarusian Alexander Lukashenko; the hungarian Viktor Orbán; the serb Aleksandar Vucic and Slovak Robert Fico.
These also include those who, for years, have “relentlessly” persecuted the press: the Chinese Communist Party, with Xi Jinping to the head; Mohammed bin Salman, from Saudi Arabia; whom RSF places at the same level as Putin and Lukashenko.
The Nicaraguan president is also on the list Daniel Ortega and the Guatemala Antiterrorist Foundation.
All of them have distinguished themselves again in 2025 for their “unbridled repression” against journalists and media, says Reporters Without Borders.
The Israeli military, “responsible for the deaths of almost 220 journalists under the government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu”are also included.
Burma’s State Peace and Security Commission and Burkina Faso’s ruling military junta, led by Capt. Ibrahim Traoré, They are also “actively silencing those who report independently.”
In Mexico, it is expected that the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) will consolidate itself in 2025 as the most violent criminal organization in the country and one of the biggest predators of journalism, adds RSF.
Elon Musk e Israel
Brendan Carr, director of the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the deputy attorney general Seng Heang of Cambodia and the Georgian oligarch and former prime minister Bidzina Ivanishvili They appear on this 2025 predator list because “they suffocate the newsrooms or subject them to arbitrary judicial pressure.”
In 2025, press freedom predators are also characterized by their increasing use of technology to hinder freedom of information.
Thus, while Xi Jinping uses Chinese chatbots to spread state propaganda, Elon Musk uses his social network X to harass journalists, and the Israeli armyalready responsible for the deaths of hundreds of them, carries out online smear campaigns to discredit the profession, denounces the Paris-based body.
As for OpIndia, a Hindu nationalist website, RSF warns that it is intensifying its disinformation and harassment campaigns against journalists critical of the government in 2025.
The International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists has been celebrated on November 2 since the UN established that date in 2013, in commemoration of the murder of two French journalists in Mali.